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အစၥလာမ္မို႕ အလိုင္ကြမ္း
အစၥလာမ့္ေရာင္ျခည္ ဘေလာ့ဂ္မွ လိွဳက္လွဲစြာၾကိဳဆိုပါသည


Saturday, January 31, 2009

အိမာမ္အအ္ဇြမ္အဗူဟနီဖဟ္၏ ငယ္စဥ္ကာလ ဇ၀နဥာဏ္

  • ေမာ္လာနာ ဆုိင္ယဒ္အဆြ္ဂရ္ဟုစိုင္န္ (ဟဇရသ္ၿမားဆပ္) ေရသည္မွာ ေရာမဘုရင္သည္ပညာရွိပါဒရီးတစ္ဦး
  • ဥစၥာပစၥည္းမ်ားႏွင့္တကြ ဘဂၢဒက္သို႔ ေစလႊတ္ကာေရာက္သည္ႏွင့္သို႔ေၾက
  • ငာေလသည္။
  • ကြၽႏု္ပ္ရဲ႕ေမးခြန္းေလးခြန္းကို ေၿဖၾကားၿမည္ဆုိပါက ၎ရဲ႕ ဒီးန္သာသနာကို လက္ခံမည့္အၿပင္ယူေဆာင္လာေသာ
  • ပစၥည္းမ်ားကိုလည္းခ်ီးၿမွင့္မည္။ အကယ္ ကြၽႏု္ပ္ရဲ႕ ေမးခြန္းကိုမေၿဖၾကားႏုိင္ပါ
  • ကကြၽႏု္ပ္ရဲ႕သာသနာကိုလက္ခံရမည့္အၿပင္ ကြၽန္ပ္တုိ့ကိုအခြန္ေဆာင္ေနထုိင္ရမည္။
  • ဤေၾကၿငာခ်က္သည္ ဘဂၢဒက္ေနၿပည္ေတာ္အတြက္ ရာဇသံသဖြယ္ပ်ံ႕ႏွံ႕သြား၏
  • ၎ပါဒရီသည္လမ္းေလးခြစုံတြင္ ပလႅင္ခင္း သုံးရက္တုိင္ထုိင္ကာ ဆက္တုိက္ဟစ္ေၾကြးေနေသာ္လည္းၿပည့္စုံသဘာ၀က်ေသာ အေၿဖကို မည္သူမွ်မတင္ၿပႏုိင္ေခ်။
  • ၀င္လာမစဲ ပရိသတ္တြင္ အသက္အားၿဖင့္ (၇)ႏွစ္အရြယ္သာရွိသည့္ ကေလးငယ္က မိိမိဖခင္
  • အား ကြၽန္ေတာ္ကို ခြင့္ၿပဳပါ။ ကြၽန္ေတာ္သြားေၿဖၾကားပါမည္ဟု ေၿပာေသာ္လည္း ဖခင္က ဘယ္သူမွမေၿဖႏုိင္တာ၊ မင္းကဘာေၿဖတတ္မွာလဲဟု ေၿပာလုိက္၏။ ကေလးငယ္မွာအတန္တန္ခြင့္ေတာင္းေနသည္။ ဖခင္ကမူတိတ္တိတ္ေနပါ အာလင္မ္မ်ားေရွ႕
  • မွာ မင္းဘာအဆင့္ရွိလုိ႔လဲ
  • စသၿဖင့္ ေၿပာၾကားေန၏။
  • ကေလးသည္ ဖခင္ခြင့္မၿပဳေသာ္လည္း ဖခင္၏အလစ္တြင္ ထြက္လာၿပီး ပါဒရီ ေရွ႕သိုေရာက္သြား
  • သၿဖင့္ အ့ံၾသမဆုံးၿဖစ္သြားေလသည္။ ပါဒရီက သူငယ္ေလး အေၿဖေပးမွာလား။ ကေလးငယ္ကဟုတ္ပါတယ္။ တကယ္ေၿဖမွာပါဒါေပမယ့္ေမးၿမန္းသူထက္ေၿဖ
  • ၾကားသူကအဆင့္ၿမင့္ပါတယ္။ ဒီေတာ့ခင္ဗ်ားေအာက္ဆင္း၍မတ္တတ္ရပ္ေပးပါ။
  • ကြၽန္ေတာ္ကပလႅင္ေပၚထုိင္ၿပီး ေၿဖၾကားပါမည္ေၿပာၾကား၏။ ပါဒရီက ေကာင္းပါၿပီ က်ဳပ္ဆင္းၿပီး
  • ေတာ့ မတ္တတ္ရပ္ေမးပါမယ္။ ေမာင္ရင္ကပလႅင္ေပၚတက္ထုိင္၍ ေၿဖၾကားပါ။
  • ပါဒရီ - အလႅာဟ္ထက္အလ်င္ ဘာရွိခဲ့သလဲ။
  • ကေလးငယ္ - ဂဏန္းစဥ္ေရတြက္တတ္သလား၊ တတ္ရင္ရြတ္ၿပပါ။
  • ပါဒရီ - - - တစ္၊ႏွစ္၊သုံး၊ေလး၊ငါး
  • ကေလးငယ္ - ၿပန္ရြတ္စမ္း
  • ပါဒရီ - - - တစ္၊ႏွစ္၊သုံး၊ေလး၊ငါး
  • ကေလးငယ္ --- တစ္ထက္အလ်င္ ဘာရွိသလဲ
  • ပါဒရီ - တစ္ထက္အလ်င္ ဘာမွမရွိပါ၊ တစ္မွ စတင္ေရတြက္ရပါတယ္။
  • ကေလးငယ္ --- လူသုံးတဲ့အေရအတြက္မွာေတာင္ တစ္ထက္အလ်င္ ဘာမွမရွိရင္ေသာင္ဟိဒ္၊ အရွင္ၿမတ္ထက္ အလ်င္ ဘာရွိႏုိင္မွာလဲ။
  • ပါဒရီ --- ( အေၿဖသည္ ၿပည့္စုံေနသၿဖင့္ ) မွန္ပါတယ္။ ေကာင္းၿပီ ဒုတိယ ေမးခြန္း။
  • ကဲ ယခုအလႅာဟ္ ဘယ္မွာလဲ။
  • ကေလးငယ္---အသင့္ခႏၶာကိုယ္ထဲ၌ ရူဟ္၀ိညာဥ္ဘယ္မွာရွိသလဲ
  • ပါဒရီ --- ၀ိညာဥ္ဆုိတာ တစ္ေနရာထဲမရွိပါ။ ခႏၶာကိုယ္ရဲ႕
  • ေနရာအႏွံ႔မွာရွိပါတယ္။
  • ကေလးငယ္--- ရူဟ္၀ိညာဥ္ဆုိတာ အရွင္ၿမတ္ရဲ႕အမိန္႔ေတာ္အရၿဖစ္ပါတယ္။သက္ရွိတုိင္းမွာ
  • ၀ိညာဥ္ရွိပါတယ္။ ဒါကိုဘယ္ေနရာရွိမွန္း အသင္မသိရင္ရူဟ္ရဲ႕ပိုင္ရွင္ၿဖစ္တဲ့အလႅာဟ္ကိုသီးၿခားတစ္ေနရာမွာရွိတယ္လုိ႔ ဘယ္လုိၿပႏုိင္မလဲ။
  • အရွင္ၿမတ္ကေတာ့့ ေနရာအႏွံ႔မွာရွိေနပါတယ္။
  • ပါဒရီ --- (မေၿဖၾကားႏိုင္သၿဖင့္) အသင္ေၿပာတာမွန္ပါတယ္၊ေကာင္းၿပီး တတိယ ေမးခြန္း
  • အရွင္ၿမတ္က ဘယ္ဘက္ကိုမ်က္ႏွာမူေနသလဲ။
  • ကေလးငယ္--- ဆီမီးလင္းလာရင္ ဘယ္ဘက္ကို မ်က္ႏွာမူသလဲ။
  • ပါဒရီ---ဘက္တုိင္းကို မ်က္ႏွာမူပါတယ္။ တစ္ဘက္ဘက္ကို လွည့္တာမရွိပါ။
  • ကေလးငယ္---သခၤ ါရၿဖစ္တဲ့ ဆီမီးေတာင္ ဘက္တုိင္းကို အလင္းေဆာင္တယ္ဆုိရင္
  • မိုးေၿမတုိ႔ရဲ႕ အလင္းဟာ ၎အရွင္ၿမတ္ရဲ႕ အလင္းသာၿဖစ္ေၾကာင္း
  • အစဥ္ထာ၀ရ တည္ရွိေတာ္မူေသာ အရွင္ၿမတ္သည္လည္းမည္သည့္
  • ဘက္သို႔ မ်က္ႏွာလည့္ထားသည္ဟု ဆုိႏုိင္ပါ့မလား။
  • ပါဒရီ ႏႈတ္ပိတ္သြားသည့္အေၿဖၿဖစ္သၿဖင့္ ေမးခြန္းမထုတ္ႏုိင္ဘဲ ဆုိင္းငံ့ေတြေ၀သြား၏။
  • ထုိးအခါ ကေလးငယ္ကပင္ စတုတၳေမးခြန္းလည္း ေမးပါဟုဆုိေနရာ
  • ၎ကအလႅာဟ္ယခု ဘာလုပ္ေနလဲ။
  • ကေလးငယ္ - အသင္ကဲ့သို႔ သက္ရြယ္ၾကီး၊ေသာင္၀္ရသ္၊အင္န္ဂ်ီလ္ရဲ႕ ပညာရွင္ ခုိဒါသုံးပါး
  • လက္ခံ့သူကို ပလႅင္ေပၚမွေအာက္ခ်ကာကြၽန္ေတာ္ကဲ့သို႕ေသာ ငယ္ရြယ္သူ အရွင္တစ္ပါး
  • တည္းကို လက္ခ့ံသူ၊ေက်ာင္းသာ အဆင့္ရွိသူကိုပလႅင္ေပၚတင္ေတာ္မူသည္။
  • ရူမီပါဒရီသည္ မိမိကတိအတုိင္း ကလိမဟ္ဖတ္လုိက္သည္။ ပရိသတ္လည္း တစ္ျမိဳ႕လုံးရဲ႕
  • သိကၡာကိုိ ဆယ္ခဲ့တဲ့ ကေလးငယ္ရဲ႕ အေျမႇာ္အၿမင္ ညဏ္ရည္ထက္ၿမက္မႈ အရည္အခ်င္းၿပည့္၀မႈမ်ားေၾကာင့္ အ့ံၾသမဆုံးၿဖစ္ကာ ၀မ္းသာၾကည္ႏူးသြားၾကေလသည္။
  • ယင္းကေလးငယ္ကား မည္သူနည္း၊ေနာင္တစ္ခ်ိန္တြင္ မုဟဒ္ဒီစ္မ်ား၏ ေခၚင္ေဆာင္
  • အိမာမ္အအ္ဇြမ္ အဗူဟနီဖဟ္ သာဗိအီပင္ ၿဖစ္ေပသည္။

  • ေကာက္ႏႈုတ္တင္ၿပသူ
  • အလ္ဟာဂ်္ ေမာ္လာနာ ဟာဖိဇ္ အဗ္ဒြလ္ကာဒိရ္ (မဟ္မူဒီ)
ဒီ post ေပးပို႕သူ ကိုေအာင္ကိုလတ္ အားအထူးပဲေက်းဇူးတင္ပါတယ္။

Tuesday, January 27, 2009

စူရာဟ္ အင္န္ရွိရာဟ္ ကိုေန႕စဥ္ဖတ္ျခင္း၏အက်ိဳးေက်းဇူးမ်ား

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စူရာဟ္ အင္န္ရွိရာဟ္ (အသိညဏ္ပြင့္ျခင္းအ႑)


In the name of Allah, most Gracious, most Merciful.
ဗစ္စ္ မစ္လႅာ၊ ဟစ္ရ္ ရဟ္မာ၊ နစ္ရ္-ရဟီးမ္။
(မျပတ္မစဲ သနားၾကင္နာ ညွာတာေတာ္မူေသာ၊ မဟာက႐ုဏာေတာ္ရွင္ ျဖစ္ေတာ္မူေသာ အလႅာဟ္အသွ်င္ျမတ္၏နာမံေတာ္ျဖင့္ အစျပဳပါ၏။)


أَلَمْ نَشْرَحْ لَكَ صَدْرَكَ
Alam nashrah laka sadrak,
(အို-နဗီတမန္ေတာ္) ငါ အသွ်င္ျမတ္သည္ အသင္၏ရင္ကို ဖြင့္ေပးေတာ္မူခဲ့သည္မဟုတ္ေလာ။

وَوَضَعْنَا عَنكَ وِزْرَكَ
Wawada' ana anka wizrak,
၎ျပင္ငါ အသွ်င္ျမတ္သည္ အသင္၏အေပၚမွ အသင္၏ဝန္ထုပ္ကို ခ်ေပးေတာ္မူခဲ့သည္ မဟုတ္ေလာ။

الَّذِي أَنقَضَ ظَهْرَكَ
Allahthee anqada thahrak,
ထိုဝန္ထုပ္သည္ အသင္၏ေက်ာကို ကိုင္းညြႇတ္ေစခဲ့၏။ (ခ်ိဳးထားခဲ့၏)

وَرَفَعْنَا لَكَ ذِكْرَكَ
Warafa'ana laka thikrak,
ထိုမွတပါး ငါအသွ်င္ျမတ္သည္ အသင္၏ဂုဏ္သတင္းကို ေက်ာ္ၾကားေစေတာ္မူခဲ့သည္ (မဟုတ္ေလာ)။

فَإِنَّ مَعَ الْعُسْرِ يُسْرًا
Fa inna ma'a ul yous-ri yous-ra,
သို႕ျဖစ္ေပရာ ဧကန္မလြဲ ခက္ခဲမႉႏွင့္အတူ လြယ္ကူမႉသည္ (ဒြန္တြဲလ်က္ပင္) ရွိ၏။

إِنَّ مَعَ الْعُسْرِ يُسْرًا
Inna ma'a ul yous-ri yous-ra,
ခက္ခဲမႉႏွင့္အတူ လြယ္ကူမႉသည္ ဧကန္အမွန္ (ဒြန္တြဲလ်က္ပင္) ရွိ၏။

فَإِذَا فَرَغْتَ فَانصَبْ
Fa itha faraghta fan-sab,
သို႕ျဖစ္ေပရာ အသင္သည္ အားလပ္ေသာအခါ (ဝတ္ျပဳမႉ၌) ၾကိဳးပမ္းအားထုတ္ပါေလ။

وَإِلَىٰ رَبِّكَ فَارْغَب
Wa 'ila rabbika far-ghab,
၎ျပင္ မိမိအား ဖန္ဆင္းေမြးျမဴေတာ္မူေသာ အသွ်င္ျမတ္ဖက္သို႕ (တစ္စိတ္တစ္လက္တည္း အာ႐ုံ) လွည့္ထားပါေလ။

အက်ိဳးအာနိသင္ : မည္သူမဆို စိတ္ေသာက၊ လူဒုကၡ၊ အခက္အခဲမ်ားႏွင့္ ရင္ဆိုင္ေနရလွ်င္ စူရာဟ္ အင္န္ရွိရာဟ္ (အသိညဏ္ပြင့္ျခင္းအ႑) ကို ဖရာစ္ နမာဇ္ ျပီးတိုင္း တစ္ေန႕ ၅ ၾကိမ္မွန္မွန္ ဖတ္ေပးလွ်င္ အင္ရွာအလႅာ့ဟ္ ၊ အလႅာဟ္ အသွ်င္ျမတ္အလိုေတာ္ႏွင့္ အစဥ္ေျပမႉ၊ လြယ္ကူမႉမ်ားႏွင့္အတူ ႐ိုစီရိတ္ခါမ်ား ပြါးမ်ားလာပါမည္။ ကိုယ္ေတြ႕ ထိေရာက္ ခဲ့ေသာေၾကာင့္ စာဖတ္သူမ်ားအား မွ်ေဝလိုက္ပါသည္။

ေမတၲာေရွ႕ထားလွ်က္။
(ဟာလီမာ)

Sunday, January 25, 2009

Prophet Muhammad Cartoon Movie

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Prophet Muhammad Cartoon Part 1

႐ုပ္ရွင္ကာတြန္း part 1 - part 9 ရွိပါသည္။ ယခု part 1 ျပီးသြားလွ်င္ သည္ video screen အေပၚမွေပၚလာေသာ search box တြင္ Prophet Muhammad movie Cartoon part 2 ကို type ျပီးထည့္လွ်င္ ပထမဦးဆုံးေပၚေသာ ကားကို click ႏွိတ္ျပီးဆက္ၾကည့္ႏိုင္ပါသည္။

ခေလးလူငယ္မ်ားအတြက္ ဤ႐ုပ္ရွင္ကာတြန္းကိုတင္ေပးထားပါသည္။

Saturday, January 24, 2009

အစၥလာမ္ဘာသာႏွင့္ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံ

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ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံသုိ႔ အစၥလာမ္ဘာသာစတင္၀င္ေရာက္ပုံ

အစၥလာမ္ဘာသာသည္ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံသုိ႔ လြန္ခဲ့ေသာ ႏွစ္ေပါင္း(၁၀၀၀)ေက်ာ္ (၁၂၀၀)ခန္႔ကစ၍ အုပ္စုလိုက္လည္းေကာင္း၊ တစ္ဦးခ်င္း ႏွစ္ဦးခ်င္းအားျဖင့္လည္းေကာင္း ပ်ံ႕ႏံွ႔၀င္ေရာက္ခဲ့ပါသည္။ သမုိင္း အေထာက္အထားမ်ားအရ အစၥလာမ္ဘာသာ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံသုိ႔ စတင္ေရာက္႐ွိလာခဲ့ပုံမွာ ျပည္ပ အစၥလာမ္သာသနာျပဳမ်ားက ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံသုိ႔ လာေရာက္သာသနာျပဳသျဖင့္ ေရာက္႐ွိလာခဲ့ျခင္းမ်ဳိးမဟုတ္ပါ။
ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံသုိ႔ အစၥလာမ္ဘာသာေရာက္႐ွိလာပုံႏွင့္ပတ္သက္၍ ေအာက္ပါ သမုိင္းမွတ္တမ္း အေထာက္အထားမ်ားအရ ေလ့လာသိ႐ွိပါသည္။

ေအဒီ ၁၄-ရာစုႏွစ္မ်ားအတြင္း စုမားၾတား၊ ဂ်ာဗား၊ မာလာယု ကၽြန္းဆြယ္မ်ားမွတစ္ဆင့္ အာရဗ္ကုန္သည္မ်ားသည္ ၿမိတ္ၿမိဳ႕သုိ႔ ေရာက္႐ွိေနၾကၿပီးျဖစ္သည္။ (ဦးခင္ေမာင္ႀကီး ျမန္မာျပန္၊ ေမာရစ္ေကာလစ္ေရး Into Hidden Burma စာ-၂၁၁)
ေအဒီ ၇၀၀ ႏွင့္ ၁၅၀၀ အၾကားတြင္ အေနာက္တိုင္းမွ အာရဗ္ကုန္သည္၊ ပါ႐ွင္းကုန္သည္ႏွင့္ ေရာမကုန္သည္တုိ႔သည္ မိမိတုိ႔ ပင္ရင္းတုိင္းျပည္မ်ားမွ ႐ြက္သေဘၤာမ်ားျဖင့္ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံ ပင္လယ္ကမ္း႐ိုးတန္းကုိလည္းေကာင္း၊ ယင္းကုိေက်ာ္လြန္ကာ အေ႔႐ွဘက္ တ႐ုတ္ျပည္ ကမ္းေျခသုိ႔လည္းေကာင္း ကူးသန္းေရာင္း၀ယ္ေရးအတြက္ ေရာက္႐ွိခဲ့ၾကသည္။ ရမ္းၿဗဲကၽြန္းအနီး ပ်က္စီးေသာ အာရဗ္သေဘၤာ႐ွိ မြတ္စလင္မ္တုိ႔သည္ ထုိအခါကပင္ ရမ္းၿဗဲကၽြန္းတြင္ အေျခခ်ေနထိုင္ခဲ့ေၾကာင္း ေတြ႕ရေပသည္။

ရခိုင္ဘုရင္ မဟာတုိင္စႏၵလက္ထက္ ေအဒီ ၇၈၈-၈၁၀ တြင္ ရမ္းၿဗဲကၽြန္းအနီး သေဘၤာမ်ားစြာပ်က္စီးခဲ့ေၾကာင္း အစၥလာမ္ဘာသာ၀င္ သေဘၤာသားမ်ားအား ရခိုင္ျပည္မသုိ႔ပုိ႔ကာ ေက်းရြာမ်ားတြင္ အတည္တက် ေနရာခ်ထားေပးခဲ့ေၾကာင္း ေတြ႕ရ၏။ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံ ပင္လယ္ဆိပ္ကမ္းၿမိဳ႕မ်ားျဖစ္ေသာ ေက်ာက္ျဖဴ၊ ပုသိမ္၊ သန္လ်င္၊ မုတၱမ၊ ၿမိတ္ စသည္တုိ႔တြင္ အလားတူ သေဘၤာမ်ားပ်က္ျပားျခင္းဆုိင္ရာ အေၾကာင္းအရာမ်ားမွာ အခ်ိန္ကာလေစာစြာကပင္ ရွိခဲ့သည္။ မြန္ႏွင့္ျမန္မာ ရာဇ၀င္မ်ားႏွင့္ အခ်ဳိ႕ေသာဘုရားသမုိင္းမ်ားတြင္ သေဘၤာပ်က္စစ္သားမ်ား၊ ကုန္သည္မ်ား၊ သေဘၤာသားမ်ားအေၾကာင္း ေရးသားထားသည္ကုိ ေတြ႕႐ွိရပါသည္။
ထုိ႔ေၾကာင့္ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံ ပင္လယ္ကမ္း႐ိုးတန္းတစ္ေလွ်ာက္ အစၥလာမ္ဘာသာ ဒါရ္ဂါမ်ားေခၚ သူေတာ္စင္မ်ား၏ ဂူဗိမာန္မ်ားက သက္ေသခံေနသည္။

(၁၈၇၉-ခုႏွစ္ ၿဗိတိသွ်ဘားမား ေဂဇက္ကုိ ကုိးကား၍ ဆရာခ်ယ္ေရး ဗမာမြတ္စလင္မ္ ေ႐ွးေဟာင္း အတၳဳပၸတၱိ စာ-၁၆) သကၠရာဇ္ ၈-ရာစုအတြင္းက ပုဂံဘုရင္ပိတ္သုံမင္းလက္ထက္ သထုံ၊ မုတၱမေဒသမ်ားသုိ႔ အာရဗ္ကုန္သည္မ်ား ေရာက္႐ွိ၀င္ထြက္ သြားလာေလ့႐ွိေၾကာင္း အာရဗ္သေဘၤာမ်ားသည္ အေနာက္ဘက္ ဒမတ္စတကတ္ကၽြန္းမွ အေ႔႐ွအိႏၵိယကၽြန္းစုမ်ားႏွင့္ တ႐ုတ္ျပည္မအထိ အာရဗ္မ်ား ခရီးေပါက္ေရာက္ၿပီးျဖစ္ေၾကာင္း ေဖာ္ျပထားသည္။ (ဦးၾကည္၊ ဘီေအ၊ ရာဇ၀င္ဂုဏ္ထူးေရး၊ ျမန္မာရာဇ၀င္မွသိေကာင္းစရာမ်ား၊ စာ ၁၅၆-၁၅၇) တပင္ေ႐ႊထီးလက္ထက္ သကၠရာဇ္ ၈၉၇ က ဟံသာ၀တီသုိ႔ စစ္ခ်ီရာ ပသီကုလားပန္းေသးတုိ႔ တစ္ဖက္မွ တိုက္ခိုက္ခုခံျခင္း (မွန္နန္းရာဇ၀င္(ဒုတိယတြဲ) စာ ၁၈၆) အရလည္းေကာင္း သမုိင္းသုေတသီ ပညာ႐ွင္မ်ား၏ ေရးသားျပဳစုထားေသာ မွတ္တမ္းမ်ားအရ အစၥလာမ္ဘာသာသည္ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံသုိ႔ လြန္ခဲ့ေသာ ႏွစ္ေပါင္း ၁၀၀၀ ေက်ာ္ ၁၂၀၀ ခန္႔မွစ၍ ေရာက္႐ွိ အေျခခ် ေနထိုင္ခဲ့ၾကေၾကာင္း သိ႐ွိရပါသည္။

ျပန္႔ႏွံ႔ပုံ
ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံအတြင္း အစၥလာမ္ဘာသာ ျပန္႔ႏွံ႔ပုံကုိ ေလ့လာခဲ့ရာ ေအဒီ ၈-ရာစုႏွင့္ ၁၆-ရာစုအတြင္း ပါ႐ွန္းႏွင့္ အာရဗ္သေဘၤာမ်ား ေရေၾကာင္းသြားလာျခင္းသည္ အေ႔႐ွဖ်ားပင္လယ္မ်ားတြင္ လႊမ္းမုိးခဲ့သည္။ ၎ျပင္ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံ၏ ေရာင္း၀ယ္ေရးစခန္းမ်ားသုိ႔လည္း ပါ႐ွန္ႏွင့္ အာရဗ္ကုန္သည္တုိ႔ အေျခခ်ေနထိုင္ခဲ့သည္။ ေအဒီ ၁၆၆၀ တြင္ အိႏၵိယျပည္၌ ႐ွာဂ်ဟန္ဘုရင္ ကြယ္လြန္ခဲ့ရာ သားေတာ္ ႐ွာ႐ႈဂ်ာသည္ ေနာင္ေထာင္ ၾကရန္အဇစ္ႏွင့္ နန္းလုခဲ့ရာ အေရးနိမ့္သျဖင့္ ရခိုင္ဘုရင္ စႏၵသုဓမၼမင္း (၁၆၅၂-၁၆၈၄)ထံ အကူအညီေတာင္း ခုိ၀င္လာခဲ့သည္။ စႏၵသုဓမၼမင္းအား ကတိမတည္ဟုဆုိရာ ႐ွာ႐ႈဂ်ာက ပုန္ကန္ခဲ့ရာ ႐ွာ႐ႈရ်ာက်ဆုံးခဲ့ၿပီး သူ၏ အေျခြအရံမ်ား ကမန္(ေလးသည္ေတာ္)တုိ႔အား ရခိုင္ ဘုရင္၏ ကုိယ္ရံေတာ္ တပ္ဖြဲ႕ ခန္႔ထားခဲ့သည္။
စႏၵ၀ိဇယ (၁၇၁၀-၁၇၃၁)လက္ထက္က်မွ ထုိကမန္တုိ႔အား ႏွိပ္ကြပ္ခဲ့သည္။ မ်ားစြာေသာ ကမန္တုိ႔အား ရမ္းၿဗဲကၽြန္း၊ စစ္ေတြအနီး သင္းဂနက္၊ သာယာကုန္းေက်း႐ြာမ်ားသုိ႔ ပုိ႔ထားခဲ့သည္။ ရခိုင္ ျပည္နယ္ ကမန္မြတ္စလင္မ္တုိ႔အျပင္ စစ္ေတြၿမိဳ႕ အေ႔႐ွပိုင္းေဒသမ်ား၊ ရမ္းၿဗဲကၽြန္းႏွင့္ သံတြဲ တစ္၀ိုက္တြင္ တုိင္းရင္းသားျဖစ္ၾကေသာ အစၥလာမ္ဘာသာကုိးကြယ္သည့္ ရခိုင္မ်ား အႏွံ႔အျပား႐ွိေနသည္။
၁၅၃၉ ေအဒီတြင္ တပင္ေ႐ႊထီး ပဲခူးကုိ တိုက္ခိုက္ခဲ့စဥ္ ၁၅၉၉ ေအဒီတြင္ ေတာင္ငူဘုရင္ ပဲခူးကုိ တိုက္ခိုက္ခဲ့စဥ္တြင္ ဖမ္းဆီးရမိေသာ မြတ္စလင္မ္မ်ား ၁၅၄၇ ေအဒီတြင္ တပင္ေရႊထီး ၿမိဳ႕ေဟာင္းၿမိဳ႕ကုိ ၀င္တိုက္ခဲ့စဥ္ႏွင့္ ၁၇၀၇ ေအဒီတြင္ စေနမင္း၏ အရာ႐ွိမ်ား သံတြဲကုိ တုိက္ခိုက္ခဲ့စဥ္ ဖမ္းဆီးရမိခဲ့ေသာ မြတ္စလင္မ္မ်ား၊ ၁၆၁၃ ေအဒီတြင္ အေနာက္ဘက္လြန္မင္း သန္လ်င္ကုိ တိုက္ခိုက္ခဲ့စဥ္ သန္လ်င္ၿမိဳ႕ က်ၿပီးစအခါ ဒီဗရစ္တုိ၏ ေနာက္လိုက္ မြတ္စလင္မ်ား (သုိ႔မဟုတ္) စစ္ပြဲၿပီးစ အခ်ိန္ေနွာင္းမွ ေရာက္႐ွိလာေသာ သေဘၤာမ်ားမွ မြတ္စလင္မ်ားအား ေ႐ႊဘုိခ႐ိုင္၊ ေျမဒူး၊ စစ္ကိုင္းခ႐ိုင္၊ ပင္းယႏွင့္ ခံလူး၌လည္းေကာင္း၊ ေက်ာက္ဆည္ခ႐ိုင္ လက္ပံ၌လည္းေကာင္း၊ ရမည္းသင္းခ႐ိုင္ ယင္းေတာ္တုိ႔၌လည္းေကာင္း ေနရာခ်ထားခဲ့ေၾကာင္း ေတြ႕ရသည္။

ဘုိးေတာ္ဘုရားလက္ထက္ ျမန္မာသကၠရာဇ္ ၁၁၆၃-ခုႏွစ္ (၁၈၀၁ ေအဒီ) နယုန္လျပည့္ေက်ာ္ ၂-ရက္တြင္ ေ႐ႊတိုက္ပုရပိုက္မွ ေက်ာက္တစ္လုံးကုိ ဗုိလ္မင္းရဲလွေက်ာ္ထင္ ေရးကူးေသာ စစ္တမ္းတြင္ ျမန္မာသကၠရာဇ္ ၁၀၆၀ မွ ၁၀၇၆ အထိ နန္းစံေသာ အင္း၀ စေနမင္း လက္ထက္တြင္ ရခိုင္ဘက္မွ ၀င္ေရာက္လာေသာ မြတ္စလင္ ၃၀၀၀ ေက်ာ္အား ျမန္မာသကၠရာဇ္ ၁၀၇၀ (၁၇၀၉ ေအဒီ)တြင္ ေအာက္ေဖာ္ျပပါ ၁၂-ေနရာ၌ ေနရာခ်ထားခဲ့ေၾကာင္းေတြ႕ရသည္။
(၁) ေတာင္ငူ (၂) ရမည္းသင္း (၃) ေညာင္ရမ္း (၄) ယင္းေတာ္ (၅) မိတၳီလာ (၆) ပင္းတလဲ (၇) တဘက္ဆြဲ (၈) ေဘာဓိ (၉) သာစည္ (၁၀) စည္ပုတၱရာ (၁၁) ေျမဒူး (၁၂) ဒီပဲယင္း စသည္တုိ႔တြင္ ျဖစ္သည္။
အထက္ေဖာ္ျပပါအတုိင္း အစၥလာမ္ဘာသာ၀င္တုိ႔သည္ အာရဗ္သေဘၤာမ်ားပ်က္၍ ၀င္ေရာက္ ေနထိုင္ခဲ့ျခင္းျဖင့္လည္းေကာင္း၊ အာရဗ္ပါ႐ွန္ကုန္သည္မ်ား ကူးသန္းေရာင္း၀ယ္ေရးစခန္းမ်ား ဖြင့္လွစ္ခဲ့ျခင္းျဖင့္လည္းေကာင္း၊ ေရၾကည္ရာ ျမက္ႏုရာသုိ႔ ေ႔႐ႊေျပာင္းေနထိုင္ခဲ့ျခင္းျဖင့္လည္းေကာင္း ပ်ံ႕ႏွံ႔လာခဲ့ေၾကာင္း သိ႐ွိရသည္။ ၁၉၉၃-ခုႏွစ္ ေကာက္ယူရ႐ွိသည့္ သန္းေခါင္းစာရင္းအရ အစၥလာမ္ဘာသာ၀င္မ်ားမွာ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံ ျပည္နယ္ တုိင္းမ်ားတြင္ လူဦးေရ ၁၆,၂၀,၂၃၃ ဦး ႐ွိသျဖင့္ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံ လူဦးေရ၏ ၃ ဒႆမ ၇၉ % မွ်႐ွိေလသည္။
အစၥလာမ္ဘာသာ၀င္မ်ား တစ္ေန႔ ငါးႀကိမ္ ၀တ္ျပဳႏိုင္ရန္ ရန္ကုန္ၿမိဳ႕တြင္ ဗလီေက်ာင္း ၁၇၁-ေက်ာင္းႏွင့္ တစ္ႏိုင္ငံလုံးတြင္ ဗလီ၀တ္ေက်ာင္းေပါင္း ၂,၂၆၆ ခန္႔႐ွိပါသည္။

(သာသနာေရာင္၀ါထြန္းေစဖုိ႔စာအုပ္၊ စာမ်က္ႏွာ ၆၅-၆၈)မွ ထုတ္ႏႈတ္ပါသည္။

Burma has a population of about 47.8 million (counted in 2006 ) of which nearly 8 millions are Muslims. Of the Muslim population about 3.5 millions (both at home and at the places of refuge) are Rohingyas of Arakan. The Rohingyas are a majority community in Arakan ( Rakhine state ). So actual percentage of Muslim in Burma is nearly 17%. Muslim leaders estimated approximately 20% of the population was Muslim in 2006 (source: Religious Freedom Report 2006).

ဒီ post အတြက္ညီမေလး ဝိုင္း ႏွင့္ ကို Junaid Alam တုိ႔ ကိုအထူးပဲေက်းဇူးတင္ပါတယ္။

Wednesday, January 21, 2009

ေပ်ာ္ရႊင္ႏိုင္ၾကပါေစ

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စစ္ပြဲေတြလည္းျပီးသြားျပီ။ ကမၻာသူ ကမၻာသားအားလုံး ေပ်ာ္ရႊင္ႏိုင္ၾကပါေစ။
May peace be upon every single person on this earth.

Surah Alduha

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Sunday, January 11, 2009

စူရတြလ္ မာေအ့ဒဟ္ (ခဲဘြယ္ေဘာဇဥ္က႑) ႏွင့္ E code မ်ား

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အအူသို႕၊ ဗစ္လႅာေဟ့၊ ေမနတ္ရွ္ - ႐ိႈင္တြာန္နစ္ရ္ ရဂ်ီးမ္။
ဗစ္စ္ မစ္လႅာ၊ ဟစ္ရ္ ရဟ္မာ၊ နစ္ရ္-ရဟီးမ္။

ဧကန္စင္စစ္အလႅာဟ္အသွ်င္ျမတ္သည္ သက္ဝင္ယုံၾကည္ျပီး ေကာင္းျမတ္ေသာ အက်င့္သီလမ်ားကို က်င့္မူေဆာက္တည္ၾကကုန္ေသာသူတို႕ အားအၾကင္ဥယာဥ္မ်ားသို႕ဝင္ေရာက္ေစေတာ္မူမည္။ ထိုဥယာဥ္မ်ားေအာက္မွ စမ္းေရေခ်ာင္းမ်ားသည္ စီးေတြလ်က္ရွိၾကေပမည္။ (ကုရ္အာန္ ၂၂:၁၄)


စင္စစ္အသင္တို႕ေရွ႕ဝယ္ဖတ္ၾကားော္ျပျပီးျဖစ္ေသာတိရစၧာန္ မ်ားမွတစ္ပါး က်န္ေျခေလးေခ်ာင္းတိရစၧာန္ မ်ားကိုအသင္တို႕အဖို႕ (ဟလာလ္) တရားဝင္စားသုံးခြင့္ျပဳျပီးျဖစ္ေခ်သည္။ သို႕ျဖစ္ေပရာ ဆင္းတုမ်ားတည္းဟူေသာ အညစ္အေက်းမွေရွာင္ရွားၾကေလကုန္။ (ကုရ္အာန္ ၂၂:၃၀)

အို မုအ္မင္န္သက္ဝင္ယုံၾကည္သူအေပါင္းတို႕ အသင္တို႕သည္ မိမိတို႕ထားရွိေလေသာပဋိညာဥ္ကတိဝန္ခံခ်က္မ်ားအတိုင္း လိုက္နာေဆာင္ရြက္ၾကေလကုန္။ လာလတၱံ႕ေသာ မုကၡပါဌ္ေတာ္၌အသင္တို႕အားၾကားနာေစအံ့ေသာ အရာမ်ားမွအပ (ကုလားအုတ္၊ ကြၽဲ၊ ႏြား၊ သိုး၊ ဆိတ္ ကဲ့သို႕ေသာ) ေျခေလးေခ်ာင္းရွိေသာ တိရစၧာန္တို႕သည္ကားအသင္တို႕အဖို႕ '' ဟလာလ္ '' ဟူ၍စားသုံးခြင့္ျပဳထားျပီးျဖစ္ေခ်သတည္း။ (ကုရ္အာန္ ၅:၁)

အလိုအေလ်ာက္ေသေသာ တိရစၧာန္သည္၎၊ ေသြးသည္၎၊ ဝက္တိရစၧာန္၏အသားသည္၎၊ အလႅာဟ္အသွ်င္ျမတ္မွတစ္ပါး အျခားကိုရည္စူးထားေသာတိရစၧာန္သည္၎၊ လည္မ်ိဳ (ညွစ္၍ျဖစ္ေစ၊ လိမ္၍ျဖစ္ေစ) ေသရေသာ တိရစၧာန္သည္၎၊ ႐ိုက္ႏွက္၍ျဖစ္ေစ၊ ထိခိုက္္၍ျဖစ္ေစေသေသာ တိရစၧာန္သည္၎၊ ျမင့္ရာမွက်၍ေသေသာ တိရစၧာန္သည္၎၊ ဦးခ်ိဳျဖင့္ေဝွ႕ခတ္ျခင္းခံရ၍ေသေသာ တိရစၧာန္သည္၎၊ (အသက္မထြက္မီ တရားေတာ္ႏွင့္အညီ) အသင္တို႕ ဇဗ္ဟ္
လွီးျဖတ္ႏိုင္ခဲ့ေသာတိရစၧာန္မ်ားမွအပ သားရဲတိရစၧာန္မ်ားကိုက္ျဖတ္ထားေသာ တိရစၧာန္သည္၎၊ အသင္တို႕အေပၚ၌ ဟရာမ္ ဟူ၍တားျမစ္ထားျပီးျဖစ္ေလသည္။ ႐ုပ္ပြါးဆင္းတုမ်ားထားရွိရာဌာနမ်ားတြင္ ပူေဇာ္ရန္လွီးျဖတ္ထားသည့္ တိရစၧာန္မ်ား၎၊ မဲျမႇားတို႕ျဖင့္ အသင္တို႕ေဝစုေဝပုံ ခြဲထားသည္တို႕ကို၎ အသင္တို႕စားသုံးျခင္းမျပဳၾကရန္ ဟရာမ္ တားျမစ္ထားျပီးျဖစ္ေခ်သည္။ (ကုရ္အာန္ ၅:၃)

အို မုအ္မင္န္သက္ဝင္ယုံၾကည္သူအေပါင္းတို႕ မုခ်ဧကန္ ေသစာအရက္သည္၎၊ ေလာင္းတမ္းကစားျခင္းသည္၎၊ ႐ုတ္ထု၊ ဆင္းထု အစရွိသည့္ အရာမ်ားသည္၎၊ ျမႇား (ျဖင့္ကံစမ္းျခင္း) သည္၎အလြန္ဆိုးရြား ညွစ္ညမ္းလွေသာ အမႉကိစၥမ်ား ႐ိႈင္တြာန္ အျပဳအမူမ်ားသာ ျဖစ္၏။ သို႕ျဖစ္ေပရာ အသင္တို႕သည္ ထို ဆိုးရြားညွစ္ညမ္းလွေသာ အရာကိုေရွာင္ၾကည္ၾကကုန္ေလာ့။ သို႕မွသာလွ်င္အသင္တို႕ေအာင္ျမင္ၾကေပမည္။ (ကုရ္အာန္ ၅:၉၀)

မုခ်ဧကန္ ႐ိႈင္တြာန္ မိစၦာေကာင္သည္ ေသစာအရက္ (ကိုေသာက္စားျခင္း) ျဖင့္၎၊ ေလာင္းတမ္းကစားေစျခင္းျဖင့္၎၊ အသင္တို႕၏စပ္ၾကားဝယ္ ရန္ျငိဳးပြါးမႉကို၎၊ မုန္းတီးမႉကို၎၊ ဖန္တီးရန္ႏွင့္အသင္တို႕ကို အလႅာဟ္အသွ်င္ျမတ္အားေအာက္ေမ့သတိရျခင္းမွ၎၊ ဆြလာတ္ ဝတ္ျပဳျခင္းမွ၎ ပိတ္ပင္တားဆီးရန္သာလွ်င္ ၾကံစည္လ်က္ရွိေလ၏။ သို႕ျဖစ္ေပရာ အသင္တို႕သည္ ေသစာအရက္ေသာက္စားျခင္းႏွင့္ ေလာင္းတမ္းကစားျခင္းမွ ရပ္စဲၾကပါမည္ေလာ။ (ကုရ္အာန္ ၅:၉၁)

''ဟလာလ္ '' တရားဝင္စားသုံးခြင့္ျပဳထားေသာအစားအေသာက္၊ '' ဟရာမ္ '' တရားေတာ္မွခြင့္မျပဳေသာအစားအေသာက္၊ Mushbooh (သို႕) မာက္႐ူ သည္ ဟလာလ္ (သို႕) ဟရာမ္ မေသခ်ာေသာအစားအေသာက္ျဖစ္ပါသည္။

ဥေရာပႏိုင္ငံမ်ား၌ မုန္႕ ၊ သၾကားလုံး၊ ဂ်ယ္လီ၊ ေဆး ႏွင့္ အစားအေသာက္မ်ားတြင္ပါဝင္ေသာအရာမ်ားကို Ingredients ေနရာတြင္ E code မ်ားႏွင့္ေဖာ္ျပထားပါသည္။ ဥေရာပႏိုင္ငံမ်ားတြင္ေနထိုင္ၾကေသာမြတ္စ္လင္မ္မ်ား ႏွင့္ ဥေရာပမွတင္သြင္းေသာ အစားအေသာက္မ်ား/ေဆးမ်ား တြင္ ဟလာလ္ႏွင့္ဟရာမ္ ကိုေကာင္းစြာခြဲခ်ားႏိုင္ျပီးစိတ္သန္႕သန္႕ႏွင့္ ဟလာလ္ စားသုံးႏိုင္ရန္ E codes information မ်ားကို http://special.worldofislam.info/Food/numbers.html မွေကာက္ႏႈတ္၍ေအာက္တြင္ေဖာ္ျပလိုက္ပါသည္။

ေမတၲာေရွ႕ထားလွ်က္။
(ဟာလီမာ)

FOOD INGREDIENT NUMBERS:

(E-numbers)


E-Numbers represent specific food additives, used by the food industry in the manufacture of various food products. These E-Numbers have been formulated by the European Economic Community (EEC) and are universally adopted by the food industry worldwide.

It is known that many E-numbers contain unlisted haraam ingredients in them. Generally additives derived from animals and insects.

E-numbers are reference numbers used by the European Union to facilitate identification of food additives. All food additives used in the European Union are identified by an E-number. The "E" stands for "Europe" or "European Union". Normally each food additive is assigned a unique number, though occasionally, related additives are given an extension ("a", "b", or "i", "ii") to another E-number.

The Commission of the European Union assigns e-numbers after the additive is cleared by the Scientific Committee on Food (SCF), the body responsible for the safety evaluation of food additives in the European Union. The convention for assigning E-numbers is:

100-199 food colors
200-299 preservatives
300-399 antioxidants, phosphates, and complexing agents
400-499 thickeners, gelling agents, phosphates, humectants, emulsifiers
500-599 salts and related compounds
600-699 flavor enhancers
700-899 not used for food additives (used for feed additives)
900-999 surface coating agents, gases, sweeteners
1000-1399 miscellaneous additive
1400-1499 starch derivatives

E-numbers are only used for substances added directly to food products, so contaminants, enzymes and processing aids, which may be classified as additives in the USA, are not included in the E-number system.

There is an EU directive on food labeling which requires food additives to be listed in the product ingredients whenever they are added for technological purposes. This includes coloring, sweetening and favor enhancement as well as for preservation, thickening, emulsifying and the like. Ingredients must be listed in descending order of weight, which means that are generally found close to the end of the list of ingredients. However, substances used in the protection of plants and plant products, flavorings and substances added as nutrients (e.g., minerals, trace elements or vitamins) do not need to be included in the ingredient list. Because of this, some substances that are regulated as food additives in other countries may be exempt from the food additive definition in the EU.

Additives which are ALWAYS of animal origin, such as (HARAAM):

  • E120 Cochineal : a red colour obtained from female insects
  • E441 Gelatine : derived from the bones and/ or hides of cattle and/ or pigs
  • E542 Edible Bone Phosphate : an extract from animal bones
  • E904 Shellac : a resin from the lac insect

    Whilst some additives with a common code such as E47, can be either of animal or plant origin and this latter type needs to be investigated on a case-by-case basis per product/ manufacturer.

The main additives you need to be aware of are:

  • Glycerol / Glycerin / Glycerine (E422) - haraam if obtained from pork or non-halal meat sources.
  • Emulsifiers (E470 to E483) - haraam if obtained from pork or non-halal sources.
  • Edible Bone Phosphate (E542) - haraam if obtained from pork or non-halal meat sources.

E100

Curcumin/Turmeric

Color

Halal if pure grind turmeric powder or granular. Mushbooh if used as liquid, the solvents has to be Halal. Haraam if hidden ingredient is pork fat based emulsifier in dry mix.

E101

Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)

Color

Mushbooh (Haraam if from pork liver & Kidney, Halal if 100% plant material

E102

Tartrazine

Color

Halal if used as 100% dry color. Mushbooh if used as liquid color, the solvent has to be Halal

E104

Quinoline Yellow

Color

Halal if used as 100% dry color. Mushbooh if used as liquid color, the solvent other than water has to be Halal

E110

Sunset Yellow FCF / Orange Yellow S

Color

Halal if used as 100% dry color. Mushbooh if used as liquid color, the solvent has to be Halal

E120

Cochineal / Carminic Acid

Color

Haraam according to Hanafi Muzhab

E122

Carmoisine / Azorubine

Color

Halal if used as 100% dry color. Mushbooh if used as liquid color, the solvent has to be Halal

E123

Amaranth

Color

Halal if used as 100% dry color. Mushbooh if used as liquid color, the solvent has to be Halal

E124

Ponceau 4R / Cochineal Red A

Color

Halal if used as 100% dry color. Mushbooh if used as liquid color, the solvent has to be Halal

E127

Erythrosine BS

Color

Halal if used as 100% dry color. Mushbooh if used as liquid color, the solvent has to be Halal

E131

Patent Blue V

Color

Halal if used as 100% dry color. Mushbooh if used as liquid color, the solvent has to be Halal

E132

Indigo Carmine / Idigotine

Color

Halal if use as is as a 100% synthetic color but if pork glycerin is added as a solvent then it is Haraam

E140

Chlorophyll

Color

Halal if use 100% powder or Halal if water or vegetable oil was used as a solvent

E141

Copper Complex of Chlorophyll

Color

Halal if use 100% powder or Halal if water or vegetable oil was used as a solvent

E142

Green S / Acid Brilliant Green BS

Color

Halal if used as 100% dry color. Mushbooh if used as liquid color, the solvent has to be Halal

E150(a-d)

Caramel Color/with chemicals

Color

Halal

E151

Black PN / Brilliant Black BN

Color

Halal if used as 100% dry color. Mushbooh if used as liquid color, the solvent has to be Halal

E153

Carbon Black / Vegetable Carbon (Charcoal)

Color

Halal if used as 100% dry color. Mushbooh if used as liquid color, the solvent has to be Halal

E160a

Alpha, Beta, Gamma

Color - Carotene

Halal if used as 100% dry color. Mushbooh if used as liquid color, the solvent has to be Halal

E160b

Annatto, Bixin, Norbixin

Color - Carotene

Halal

E160c

Capsanthin / Capsorbin

Color- Carotene

Halal if used as 100% dry color. Mushbooh if used as liquid color, the solvent has to be Halal

E160d

Lycopene

Color - Carotene

Halal if used as 100% dry color. Mushbooh if used as liquid color, the solvent has to be Halal

E160e

Beta-apo-8-carotenal

Color - Carotene

Halal if used as 100% dry powder or granular or Halal if vegetable oil is used as a solvent in liquid form as a hidden ingredient. Haraam if pork gelatin is used as hidden ingredient or carrier

E160f

Ethyl ester of Beta-apo-8-cartonoic acid

Color - Carotene

Halal if used as 100% dry powder or granular or Halal if vegetable oil is used as a solvent in liquid form as a hidden ingredient. Haraam if pork gelatin is used as hidden ingredient or carrier

E161a

Flavoxanthin

Color

Halal if used as 100% dry color. Mushbooh if used as liquid color, the solvent has to be Halal

E161b

Lutein

Color

Halal if used as 100% dry powder or granular. Haraam if pork gelatin or pork glycerin is added in dry or liquid form

E161c

Cryptoxanthin

Color

Halal if used as 100% dry color. Mushbooh if used as liquid color, the solvent has to be Halal

E161d

Rubixanthin

Color

Halal if used as 100% dry color. Mushbooh if used as liquid color, the solvent has to be Halal

E161e

Violaxanthin

Color

Halal if used as 100% dry color. Mushbooh if used as liquid color, the solvent has to be Halal

E161f

Rhodoxanthin

Color

Halal if used as 100% dry color. Mushbooh if used as liquid color, the solvent has to be Halal

E161g

Canthaxanthin

Color

Halal if used as 100% dry color. Mushbooh if used as liquid color, the solvent has to be Halal

E162

Beetroot Red / Betanin

Color

Halal if used as 100% dry color. Mushbooh if used as liquid color, the solvent has to be Halal

E163

Anthocyanins

Color

Halal if used as 100% dry color. Mushbooh if used as liquid color, the solvent has to be Halal

E170

Calcium Carbonate (Chalk)

Color - Inorganic

Halal if obtained from rock mineral and used as 100% dry powder or granular. Mushbooh if used as liquid, solvent has to be Halal

E171

Titanium Dioxide

Color - Inorganic

Halal

E172

Iron Oxides and Hydroxides

Color - Inorganic

Halal

E173

Aluminium

Color - Inorganic

Halal

E174

Silver

Color - Inorganic

Halal

E175

Gold

Color - Inorganic

Halal

E180

Pigment Rubine / Lithol Rubine BK

Color - Inorganic

Halal if used as 100% dry color. Mushbooh if used as liquid color, the solvent has to be Halal

E200

Sorbic Acid

Preservative

Halal

E201

Soduim Sorbate

Preservative

Halal

E202

Potassium Sorbate

Preservative

Halal

E203

Calcium Sorbate

Preservative

Halal

E210

Benzoic Acid

Preservative

Halal

E211

Sodium Benzoate

Preservative

Halal

E212

Potassium Benzoate

Preservative

Halal

E213

Calcium Benzoate

Preservative

Halal, if calcium obtained from mineral, Mushbooh if it is obtained from bones.

E214

Ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate

Preservative

Halal, if used as 100% dry powder or granular. Haraam if alcohol is used as a solvent

E215

Ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, Sodium Salt

Preservative

Halal, if used as 100% dry powder or granular. Haraam if alcohol is used as a solvent

E216

Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate

Preservative

Halal, if used as 100% dry powder or granular. Haraam if alcohol is used as a solvent

E217

Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, Sodium Salt

Preservative

Halal, if used as 100% dry powder or granular. Haraam if alcohol is used as a solvent

E218

Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate

Preservative

Halal, if used as 100% dry powder or granular. Haraam if alcohol is used as a solvent

E219

Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, Sodium Salt

Preservative

Halal, if used as 100% dry powder or granular. Haraam if alcohol is used as a solvent

E220

Sulphur Dioxide

Preservative

Halal

E221

Sodium Sulphite

Preservative

Halal

E222

Sodium Hydrogen Sulphite

Preservative

Halal

E223

Sodium Metabisulphite

Preservative

Halal

E224

Potassium Metabisulphite

Preservative

Halal

E226

Calcium Sulphite

Preservative

Halal

E227

Calcium Hydrogen Sulphite

Preservative

Halal, if calcium is obtained from mineral or chemicals. Mushbooh if it is obtained from bones.

E230

Biphenyl / Diphenyl

Preservative

Halal, if no alcohol is used as a solvent

E231

2-Hydroxybiphenyl

Preservative

Halal, if no alcohol is used as a solvent

E232

Sodium Biphenyl-2-yl Oxide

Preservative

Halal, if no alcohol is used as a solvent

E233

2-(Thiazol-4-yl) Benzimidazole

Preservative

Halal, if no alcohol is used as a solvent

E239

Hexamine

Preservative - other

Halal

E249

Potassium Nitrate

Preservative

Halal

E250

Sodium Nitrite

Preservative

Halal

E251

Sodium Nitrate

Preservative

Halal

E252

Potassium Nitrate(Saltpetre)

Preservative

Halal

E260

Acetic Acid

Miscellaneous - Acids

Halal

E261

Potassium Acetate

Miscellaneous - Acids

Halal

E262

Potassium Hydrogen Diacetate

Miscellaneous - Acids

Halal

E263

Calcium Acetate

Miscellaneous - Acids

Halal

E270

Lactic Acid

Miscellaneous - Acids

Halal if obtained other than whey. In USA it is always from non dairy source.

E280

Propionic Acid

Preservative - Acids

Halal

E281

Sodium Propionate

Preservative- Acids

Halal

E282

Calcium Propionate

Preservative- Acids

Halal if calcium obtained from mineral, Mushbooh if it obtained from bones

E283

Potassium Propionate

Preservative- Acids

Halal

E290

Carbon Dioxide

Miscellaneous

Halal

E300

L-Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C)

Antioxidants- Vitamin C

Halal

E301

Sodium-L-Ascorbate

Antioxidants- Vitamin C and derivatives

Halal

E302

Calcium-L-Ascorbate

Antioxidants- Vitamin C and derivatives

Halal, if the calcium source is from mineral, Mushbooh if it is from bones

E304

Ascorbyl Palmitate

Antioxidants- Vitamin C and derivatives

Halal if saturated fatty acid Palmitic acid is obtained from plant. Haraam if palmitic acid is obtained from pork fat

E306

Natural Extracts rich in Tocopherols

Antioxidants- Vitamin E

Halal If Tocopherol is obtained from plant fat. Haraam if Tocopherol is obtained from pork fat

E307

Synthetic Alpha-Tocopherol

Antioxidants- Vitamin E

Halal only if it is made with all Halal synthetic material without alcoholic fermentation synthetic method

E308

Synthetic Gamma-Tocopherol

Antioxidants- Vitamin E

Halal only if it is made with all Halal synthetic material without alcoholic fermentation synthetic method

E309

Synthetic Delta-Tocopherol

Antioxidants- Vitamin E

Halal only if it is made with all Halal synthetic material without alcoholic fermentation synthetic method

E310

Propyl Gallate

Antioxidants- other

Halal

E311

Octyl Gallate

Antioxidants- other

Halal if obtained from nutgalls or plant secretion

E312

Dodecyl Gallate

Antioxidants- other

Halal if obtained from nutgalls or plant secretion. Haraam if alcohol was used as solvent

E320

Butylated Hydroxyanisole (BHA)

Antioxidants- other

Halal if only vegetable oil is used as a carrier. Haraam if the carrier is from pork fat. It is not available as pure 100% chemical.

E321

Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT)

Antioxidants- other

Halal if only vegetable oil is used as a carrier. Haraam if the carrier is from pork fat. It is not available as pure 100% chemical.

E322

Lecithin

Emulsifiers and Stabilizers

Halal if obtained from soy fat or egg yolk in Europe. It is Halal in USA because it is always obtained from soy fat.

E325

Sodium Lactate

Miscellaneous - Salts of Lactic Acid

Halal if the lactic acid from non dairy source

E326

Potassium Lactate

Miscellaneous - Salts of Lactic Acid

Halal if the lactic acid from non dairy source

E327

Calcium Lactate

Miscellaneous - Salts of Lactic Acid

Halal if the lactic acid from non dairy source and calcium from mineral

E330

Citric Acid

Miscellaneous - Citric Acid and its Salts

Halal

E331

Sodium Citrates

Miscellaneous - Citric Acid and its Salts

Halal

E332

Potassium Citrates

Miscellaneous - Citric Acid and its Salts

Halal

E333

Calcium Citrates

Miscellaneous - Citric Acid and its Salts

Halal if calcium source is not from bones

E334

Tartaric Acid

Miscellaneous - Tartaric Acid and its Salts

Halal, if it is not obtained from wine by-product, in USA it is Halal because it is obtained from un-fermented grapes.

E335

Sodium Tartrates

Miscellaneous - Tartaric Acid and its Salts

Halal, if it is not obtained from wine by-product, in USA it is Halal because it is obtained from un-fermented grapes.

E336

Potassium Tartrates (Cream of Tartar)

Miscellaneous - Tartaric Acid and its Salts

Halal, if it is not obtained from wine by-product, in USA it is Halal because it is obtained from un-fermented grapes.

E337

Potassium Sodium Tartrates

Miscellaneous - Tartaric Acid and its Salts

Halal, if it is not obtained from wine by-product, in USA it is Halal because it is obtained from un-fermented grapes.

E338

Orthophosphoric Acid

Miscellaneous - Phosphoric Acid and its Salts

Halal

E339

Sodium Phosphates

Miscellaneous - Phosphoric Acid and its Salts

Halal

E340

Potassium Phosphates

Miscellaneous - Phosphoric Acid and its Salts

Halal

E341

Calcium Phosphates

Miscellaneous - Phosphoric Acid and its Salts

Halal if calcium from mineral source

E400

Alginic Acid

Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - Alginates

Halal

E401

Sodium Alginate

Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - Alginates

Halal

E402

Potassium Alginate

Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - Alginates

Halal

E403

Ammonium Alginate

Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - Alginates

Halal

E404

Calcium Alginate

Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - Alginates

Halal if calcium source is from mineral

E405

Propane-1,2-Diol Alginate

Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - Alginates

Halal

E406

Agar

Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - other plant gums

Halal

E407

Carrageenan

Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - other plant gums

Halal

E410

Locust Bean Gum (Carob Gum)

Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - other plant gums

Halal

E412

Guar Gum

Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - other plant gums

Halal

E413

Tragacanth

Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - other plant gums

Halal.

E414

Gum Acacia (Gum Arabic)

Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - other plant gums

Halal

E415

Xanthan Gum

Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - other plant gums

Halal

E420

Sorbitol

Sugar Alcohols

Halal

E421

Mannitol

Sugar Alcohols

Halal

E422

Glycerol

Sugar Alcohols

Mushbooh, called Glycerin in USA, Halal if it is from plant fat, Haraam if it is from pork fat

E440a

Pectin

Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - Pectin and derivatives

Halal

E440b

Amidated Pectin

Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - Pectin and derivatives

Halal

E450a,b,c

Sodium and Potassium Phosphates and Polyphosphates

Miscellaneous

Halal

E460

Microcrystalline / Powdered Cellulose

Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - Cellulose and derivatives

Halal

E461

Methylcellulose

Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - Cellulose and derivatives

Halal

E463

Hydroxypropylcellulose

Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - Cellulose and derivatives

Halal

E464

Hydroxypropyl-Methylcellulose

Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - Cellulose and derivatives

Halal

E465

Ethylmethylcellulose

Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - Cellulose and derivatives

Halal

E466

Carboxymethylcellulose, Sodium Salt

Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - Cellulose and derivatives

Halal

E470

Sodium, Potassium and Calcium Salts of Fatty Acids

Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - salts or Esters of Fatty Acids

Mushbooh, Halal if it is from plant fat, Haraam if it is from porkl fat

E471

Mono-and Diglycerides of Fatty Acids

Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - salts or Esters of Fatty Acids

Mushbooh, Halal if it is from plant fat, Haraam if it is from porkl fat

E472

Various Esters of Mono-and Diglycerides of Fatty Acids

Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - salts or Esters of Fatty Acids

Mushbooh, Halal if it is from plant fat, Haraam if it is from porkl fat

E473

Sucrose Esters of Fatty Acids

Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - salts or Esters of Fatty Acids

Mushbooh, Halal if it is from plant fat, Haraam if it is from pork fat

E474

Sucroglycerides

Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - salts or Esters of Fatty Acids

Mushbooh, Halal if it is from plant fat, Haraam if it is from pork fat

E475

Polyglycerol Esters of Fatty Acids

Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - salts or Esters of Fatty Acids

Mushbooh, Halal if it is from plant fat, Haraam if it is from pork fat

E477

Propane-1,2-Diol Esters of Fatty Acids

Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - salts or Esters of Fatty Acids

Mushbooh, Halal if it is from plant fat, Haraam if it is from pork fat

E481

Sodium Stearoyl-2-Lactylate

Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - salts or Esters of Fatty Acids

Mushbooh, Halal if it is from plant fat, Haraam if it is from pork fat

E482

Calcium Stearoyl-2-Lactylate

Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - salts or Esters of Fatty Acids

Mushbooh, Halal if it is from plant fat, Haraam if it is from pork fat

E483

Stearyl Tartrate

Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - salts or Esters of Fatty Acids

Mushbooh, Halal if it is from plant fat, Haraam if it is from pork fat

FOOD INGREDIENTS NUMBERS WITH NO E-PREFIX:

Number

Name

DESCRIPTION HALAL STATUS

107

Yellow 2G

Colors

Halal if used as 100% dry color. Mushbooh if used as liquid color, the solvent has to be Halal

128

Red 2G

Colors

Halal if used as 100% dry color. Mushbooh if used as liquid color, the solvent has to be Halal

133

Brilliant Blue FCF

Colors

Halal if used as 100% dry color. Mushbooh if used as liquid color, the solvent has to be Halal

154

Brown FK

Colors

Halal if used as 100% dry color. Mushbooh if used as liquid color, the solvent has to be Halal

155

Brown HT

Colors

Halal if used as 100% dry color. Mushbooh if used as liquid color, the solvent has to be Halal

234

Nisin

Preservative - other

Halal

262

Sodium Acetate

Miscellaneous - Acids and their Salts

Halal

296

Malic Acid

Miscellaneous - Acids and their Salts

Halal

297

Fumaric Acid

Miscellaneous - Acids and their Salts

Halal

350

Sodium Malate

Miscellaneous - Salts of Malic Acid

Halal

351

Potassium Malate

Miscellaneous - Salts of Malic Acid

Halal

352

Calcium Malate

Miscellaneous - Salts of Malic Acid

Halal

353

Metataric Acid

Miscellaneous - Salts of Malic Acid

Halal

355

Adipic Acid

Miscellaneous - Salts of Malic Acid

Halal

363

Succinic Acid

Miscellaneous - Salts of Malic Acid

Halal

370

1,4-Heptonolactane

Miscellaneous - Salts of Malic Acid

Halal

375

Nicotinic Acid

Miscellaneous - Salts of Malic Acid

Halal

380

Triammonium Citrate

Miscellaneous - Salts of Malic Acid

Halal

381

Ammonium Ferric Citrate

Miscellaneous - Salts of Malic Acid

Halal

385

Calcium Disodium EDTA

Miscellaneous - Salts of Malic Acid

Halal

416

Karaya Gum

Emulsifiers and Stabilizers

Halal

430

Polyoxyethane (8) Stearate

Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - Fatty Acid derivatives

Halal if it is 100% from plant fat, Haraam if it is from pork fat

431

Polyoxyethane (40) Stearate

Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - Fatty Acid derivatives

Halal if it is 100% from plant fat, Haraam if it is from pork fat

432

Polyoxyethane (20) Sorbitan / Polysorbate 20

Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - Fatty Acid derivatives

Halal if it is 100% from plant fat, Haraam if it is from pork fat

433

Polyoxyethane (20) Sorbitan Mono-oleate / Polysorbate 80

Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - Fatty Acid derivatives

Halal if it is 100% from plant fat, Haraam if it is from pork fat

434

Polyoxyethane (20) Sorbitan Monopalmitate / Polysorbate 40

Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - Fatty Acid derivatives

Halal if it is 100% from plant fat, Haraam if it is from pork fat

435

Polyoxyethane (20) Sorbitan Monostearate / Polysorbate 60

Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - Fatty Acid derivatives

Halal if it is 100% from plant fat, Haraam if it is from pork fat

436

Polyoxyethane (20) Sorbitan Tristearate / Polysorbate 65

Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - Fatty Acid derivatives

Halal if it is 100% from plant fat, Haraam if it is from pork fat

476

Polyglycerol Esters of Polycondensed Esters of Caster Oil

Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - salts or Esters of Fatty Acids

Halal if it is 100% from plant fat, Haraam if it is from pork fat

478

Lactylated Fatty Acid Esters of Glycerol and Propane-1,2-Diol

Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - salts or Esters of Fatty Acids

Halal if it is 100% from plant fat, Haraam if it is from pork fat

491

Sorbitan Monostearate

Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - salts or Esters of Fatty Acids

Halal if it is 100% from plant fat, Haraam if it is from pork fat

492

Sorbitan Tristearate

Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - salts or Esters of Fatty Acids

Halal if it is 100% from plant fat, Haraam if it is from pork fat

493

Sorbitan Monolaurate

Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - salts or Esters of Fatty Acids

Halal if it is 100% from plant fat, Haraam if it is from pork fat

494

Sorbitan Mono-oleate

Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - salts or Esters of Fatty Acids

Halal if it is 100% from plant fat, Haraam if it is from pork fat

495

Sorbitan Monopalmitate

Emulsifiers and Stabilizers - salts or Esters of Fatty Acids

Halal if it is 100% from plant fat, Haraam if it is from pork fat

500

Sodium Carbonate / Sodium Bicarbonate

Miscellaneous - Acids and Salts: Carbonates

Halal

501

Potassium Carbonate / Potassium Bicarbonate

Miscellaneous - Acids and Salts: Carbonates

Halal

503

Ammonium Carbonate

Miscellaneous - Acids and Salts: Carbonates

Halal

504

Magnesium Carbonate

Miscellaneous - Acids and Salts: Carbonates

Halal

507

Hydrochloric Acid

Miscellaneous - Acids and Salts: Hydrochloric Acid and its Salts

Halal

508

Potassium Chloride

Miscellaneous - Acids and Salts: Hydrochloric Acid and its Salts

Halal

509

Calcium Chloride

Miscellaneous - Acids and Salts: Hydrochloric Acid and its Salts

Halal

510

Ammonium Chloride

Miscellaneous - Acids and Salts: Hydrochloric Acid and its Salts

Halal

513

Sulphuric Acid

Miscellaneous - Acids and Salts: Sulphuric Acid and its Salts

Halal

514

Sodium Sulphate

Miscellaneous - Acids and Salts: Sulphuric Acid and its Salts

Halal

515

Potassium Sulphate

Miscellaneous - Acids and Salts: Sulphuric Acid and its Salts

Halal

516

Calcium Sulphate

Miscellaneous - Acids and Salts: Sulphuric Acid and its Salts

Halal

518

Magnesium Sulphate

Miscellaneous - Acids and Salts: Sulphuric Acid and its Salts

Halal

524

Sodium Hydroxide

Miscellaneous - Alkalis

Halal

525

Potassium Hydroxide

Miscellaneous - Alkalis

Halal

526

Calcium Hydroxide

Miscellaneous - Alkalis

Halal

527

Ammonium Hydroxide

Miscellaneous - Alkalis

Halal

528

Magnesium Hydroxide

Miscellaneous - Alkalis

Halal

529

Calcium Oxide

Miscellaneous - Alkalis

Halal

530

Magnesium Oxide

Miscellaneous - Alkalis

Halal

535

Sodium Ferrocyanide

Miscellaneous - other Salts

Halal

536

Potassium Ferrocyanide

Miscellaneous - other Salts

Halal

540

Dicalcium Ferrocyanide

Miscellaneous - other Salts

Halal

541

Sodium Aluminium Phosphate

Miscellaneous - other Salts

Halal

542

Edible Bone Phosphate (Bone-Meal)

Miscellaneous - Anti-Caking Agents

Haraam if the bones from pig

544

Calcium Polyphosphates

Miscellaneous - Anti-Caking Agents

Mushbooh, Halal if it is from minerals, Haraam if it is from pig bones

545

Ammonium Polyphosphates

Miscellaneous - Anti-Caking Agents

Halal

551

Silicon Dioxide (Silica Salt)

Miscellaneous - Silicon Salts

Halal

552

Calcium Silicate

Miscellaneous - Silicon Salts

Halal

553

Magnesium Silicate / Magnesium Trisilicate (Talc)

Miscellaneous - Silicon Salts

Halal

554

Aluminium Sodium Silicate

Miscellaneous - Silicon Salts

Halal

556

Aluminium Calcium Silicate

Miscellaneous - Silicon Salts

Mushbooh, Halal if calcium from mineral rocks, Haraam if calcium from pig bones

558

Bentonite

Miscellaneous - other compounds

Halal

559

Kaolin (Aluminium Silicate)

Miscellaneous - other compounds

Halal

570

Stearic Acid

Miscellaneous - other compounds

Mushbooh, Halal if the source is from plant fat, Haraam if it is from pork fat

572

Magnesium Stearate

Miscellaneous - other compounds

Mushbooh, Halal if the source is from plant fat, Haraam if it is from pork fat

575

Glucono Delta-Lactone

Miscellaneous - other compounds

Halal

576

Sodium Gluconate

Miscellaneous - other compounds

Halal

577

Potassium Gluconate

Miscellaneous - other compounds

Halal

578

Calcium Gluconate

Miscellaneous - other compounds

Halal

620

L-Glutamic Acid

Miscellaneous - Flavour Enhancers

Mushbooh, Halal if it is from plant protein, Haraam if it is from pig protein

621

Monosodium Glutamate (MSG)

Miscellaneous - Flavour Enhancers

Mushbooh, Halal if all ingredients including culture media to grow culture from Halal source, Haraam if media is from pork fat

622

Monopotassium Glutamate

Miscellaneous - Flavour Enhancers

Mushbooh, Halal if all ingredients including culture media to grow culture from Halal source, Haraam if media is from pork fat

623

Calcium Glutamate

Miscellaneous - Flavour Enhancers

Mushbooh, Halal if all ingredients including culture media to grow culture from Halal source, Haraam if media is from pork fat

627

Sodium Guanylate

Miscellaneous - Flavour Enhancers

Halal if it is obtained from sardines or baker's yeast extract. Mushbooh if it is made from brewer yeast extract, a by-product of beer making

631

Sodium Inosinate

Miscellaneous - Flavour Enhancers

Halal if it is obtained from sardines. Mushbooh if it is made from brewer yeast extract, a by-product of beer making. Haraam if it is extracted from pig meat.

635

Sodium5-Ribonucleotide

Miscellaneous - Flavour Enhancers

Mushbooh, it is a combination of E N 627 and EN 631

636

Maltol

Miscellaneous - Flavour Enhancers

Halal

637

Ethyl Maltol

Miscellaneous - Flavour Enhancers

Halal

900

Dimethylpolysiloxane

Miscellaneous - Flavour Enhancers

Halal

901

Beeswax

Miscellaneous - Glazing Agents

Halal

903

Carnauba Wax

Miscellaneous - Glazing Agents

Halal

904

Shellac

Miscellaneous - Glazing Agents

Halal if no if it is not treated with alcohol, two types of shellac is available, the Halal type is not treated with alcohol but other type is treated with alcohol. A gummy secretion material from the pores of a insect Coccus lacca that feed on Palas trees in India and South Asia. This gummy material is called Lac. Manufactured by Indian companies.

905

Mineral Hydrocarbons

Miscellaneous - Glazing Agents

Halal

907

Refined Microcrystalline Wax

Miscellaneous - Glazing Agents

Mushbooh, Halal if obtained from plant fat wax. Haraam if it is obtained from pork fat wax

920

L-Cysteine Hydrochloride

Miscellaneous - Compounds used to treat Flour

Mushbooh, Haraam if it is obtained from human hair, Halal if it is made from Halal synthetic material. The third source is from chicken/duck feathers. There is difference of opinions among different Islamic scholars. One school of ulema says it is Halal the other says not Halal.

924

Potassium Bromate

Miscellaneous - Compounds used to treat Flour

Halal

925

Chlorine

Miscellaneous - Compounds used to treat Flour

Halal

926

Chlorine Dioxide

Miscellaneous - Compounds used to treat Flour

Halal

927

Azodicarbonamide

Miscellaneous - Compounds used to treat Flour

Halal